Propylene carbonate (PC) is another important cyclic carbonate solvent in Lithium-ion Batteries (LIB) electrolytes. This carbonate improves the high-temperature performance of LIB, but more PC deteriorates the cycling and rate capability of LIB due to its incompatibility with the graphite. Similar to ethylene carbonate, PC has a high boiling point, high viscosity, and high dielectric constant. The viscosity of PC is the highest among commonly used organic carbonates, which lowers the ionic mobility and conductivity of the electrolyte. Therefore, Propylene Carbonate takes less than 5% in most of the commercial LIB electrolytes. It is not a necessary component in LIB electrolytes.
Specifications:
| Chemical Name | Propylene carbonate |
| CAS# | 108-32-7 |
| Molecular formula | C4H6O3 |
| Assay | >99.9% |
| Moisture | <100ppm |
| Acid | N/A |
| Molecular weight | 102.09 |
| Melting point | -55 Degree C |
| Boiling point | 240 Degree C (lit.) |
| Density | 1.204g/mL |
| Flash point | 270 Degree F |
| Form | clear liquid |
| Color | colorless, clear |
Electrolyte Solvents for Lithium-ion Batteries
| Solvent | Full Name | M. Wt | Tm/°C | Tb/°C | η/cP | ε | Dipole Moment/debye | Tf/°C | d/g/cc |
| EC | Ethylene Carbonate | 88 | 36.4 | 248 | 1.9(40°C) | 89.8 | 4.61 | 160 | 1.321 (solid) |
| PC | Propylene Carbonate | 102 | -48.8 | 242 | 2.53 | 64.9 | 4.81 | 132 | 1.2 |
| EMC | Ethyl methyl Carbonate | 104 | -53 | 110 | 0.65 | 2.958 | 0.89 | 1.006 | |
| DMC | Dimethyl Carbonate | 90 | 4.6 | 91 | 0.59(20°C) | 3.107 | 0.76 | 18 | 1.063 |
| DEC | Diethyl Carbonate | 118 | -74.3 | 126 | 0.75 | 2.805 | 0.96 | 31 | 0.969 |
| EA | Ethyl Acetate | 88 | -84 | 77 | 0.45 | 6.02 | -3 | 0.902 |
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